Can one make a Golf RPG on RPG Maker?
Yes, In fact you could probably make most of the technical aspects through basic eventing via variable controls & RNG mechanics. & could use eventing to create a turn based progression system, for AI characters to compete against. Switches to move the camera between the player & the AI characters. A targeting reticle event to determine where the player is "aiming" with their swing. Skill & club based variable formula manipulation, coupled with a secondary chaos RNG layer manipulation, & a tertiary weather & terrain effect variable modification for distance per swing.
You'll need to set up a rather extensive set of conditional branches to determine your AI player's actions as well.
However, such a system is going to be highly cumbersome, & the level of eventing required is going to be fairly extensive. I don't know how tight your scripting skills are, but I am not aware of any plugins that might readily serve to streamline the mechanics.
I am honestly not certain RPG Maker is the best engine for this, on the other hand I am not certain which engines might readily have greater efficacy in making the same game.